List of Presidents of the United States

"Presidents of the United States", "American Presidents", and "US Presidents" redirect here. For the C-SPAN series, see American Presidents: Life Portraits. For other uses, seePresident of the United States (disambiguation).

The White House, the president's official residence and center of the administration

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected to the office of President more than twice. Furthermore, no person who served more than two years of a term — to which someone else was elected — may be elected more than once.^[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent President, the Vice Presidentassumes the office.

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.^[2] The list does not include anyActing Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,^[3] Zachary Taylor,^[4] Warren G. Harding,^[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,^[6] James A. Garfield,^[6][7] William McKinley,^[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).^[9]

George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous Electoral College vote. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841, and Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945. He is the only president to serve more than two terms and a constitutional amendment was passed to prevent that from reoccurring. John F. Kennedy was the first president of Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the first president who is an African American; he assumed the office on January 20, 2009.^[10]

Contents   [hide]  1 List of presidents 2 Living former presidents 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links

List of presidents

Parties

      No party       Federalist       Democratic-Republican       Democratic       Whig       Republican

No. [n 1]	President		Took office	Left office	Party	Term [n 1]	Vice President
1		George Washington (1732–1799) [11][12][13]	April 30, 1789	March 4, 1797	no party	1 (1789)		John Adams
						2 (1792)
2		John Adams (1735–1826) [14][15][16]	March 4, 1797	March 4, 1801	Federalist	3 (1796)		Thomas Jefferson
3		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) [17][18][19]	March 4, 1801	March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican	4 (1800)		Aaron Burr
						5 (1804)		George Clinton
4		James Madison (1751–1836) [20][21][22]	March 4, 1809	March 4, 1817	Democratic- Republican	6 (1808)		George Clinton[n 2] March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812
							vacant[n 3] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
						7 (1812)		Elbridge Gerry[n 2] March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814
							vacant[n 3] November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5		James Monroe (1758–1831) [23][24][25]	March 4, 1817	March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican	8 (1816)		Daniel D. Tompkins
						9 (1820)
6		John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) [26][27][28]	March 4, 1825	March 4, 1829	National Republican	10 (1824)		John C. Calhoun
7		Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) [29][30][31]	March 4, 1829	March 4, 1837	Democratic	11 (1828)		John C. Calhoun[n 4] March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832
							vacant[n 3] December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
						12 (1832)		Martin Van Buren
8		Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) [32][33][34]	March 4, 1837	March 4, 1841	Democratic	13 (1836)		Richard Mentor Johnson
9		William Henry Harrison (1773–1841) [35][36][37]	March 4, 1841	April 4, 1841 [n 2]	Whig	14 (1840)		John Tyler
10 [n 5]		John Tyler (1790–1862) [38][39][40]	April 4, 1841	March 4, 1845	Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841		vacant[n 3]
					no party[n 6] September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11		James K. Polk (1795–1849) [41][42][43]	March 4, 1845	March 4, 1849	Democratic	15 (1844)		George M. Dallas
12		Zachary Taylor (1784–1850) [44][45][46]	March 4, 1849	July 9, 1850 [n 2]	Whig	16 (1848)		Millard Fillmore
13		Millard Fillmore (1800–1874) [47][48][49]	July 9, 1850	March 4, 1853	Whig		vacant[n 3]
14		Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) [50][51][52]	March 4, 1853	March 4, 1857	Democratic	17 (1852)		William R. King[n 2] March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853
							vacant[n 3] April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15		James Buchanan (1791–1868) [53][54][55]	March 4, 1857	March 4, 1861	Democratic	18 (1856)		John C. Breckinridge
16		Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) [56][57][58]	March 4, 1861	April 15, 1865 [n 7]	Republican	19 (1860)		Hannibal Hamlin
					Republican National Union[n 8]	20 (1864)		Andrew Johnson
17		Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) [59][60][61]	April 15, 1865	March 4, 1869	Democratic National Union;[n 8] no party[n 9]		vacant [n 3]
18		Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) [62][63][64]	March 4, 1869	March 4, 1877	Republican	21 (1868)		Schuyler Colfax
						22 (1872)		Henry Wilson[n 2] March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875
							vacant[n 3] November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19		Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) [65][66][67]	March 4, 1877	March 4, 1881	Republican	23 (1876)		William A. Wheeler
20		James A. Garfield (1831–1881) [68][69][70]	March 4, 1881	September 19, 1881 [n 7]	Republican	24 (1880)		Chester A. Arthur
21		Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886) [71][72][73]	September 19, 1881	March 4, 1885	Republican		vacant[n 3]
22		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [74][75]	March 4, 1885	March 4, 1889	Democratic	25 (1884)		Thomas A. Hendricks[n 2] March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885
							vacant[n 3] November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23		Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) [76][77][78]	March 4, 1889	March 4, 1893	Republican	26 (1888)		Levi P. Morton
24		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [74][75]	March 4, 1893	March 4, 1897	Democratic	27 (1892)		Adlai Stevenson I
25		William McKinley (1843–1901) [79][80][81]	March 4, 1897	September 14, 1901 [n 7]	Republican	28 (1896)		Garret Hobart[n 2] March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899
							vacant[n 3] November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
						29 (1900)		Theodore Roosevelt
26		Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) [82][83][84]	September 14, 1901	March 4, 1909	Republican		vacant[n 3]
						30 (1904)		Charles W. Fairbanks
27		William Howard Taft (1857–1930) [85][86][87]	March 4, 1909	March 4, 1913	Republican	31 (1908)		James S. Sherman[n 2] March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
							vacant[n 3] October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28		Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) [88][89][90]	March 4, 1913	March 4, 1921	Democratic	32 (1912)		Thomas R. Marshall
						33 (1916)
29		Warren G. Harding (1865–1923) [91][92][93]	March 4, 1921	August 2, 1923 [n 2]	Republican	34 (1920)		Calvin Coolidge
30		Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933) [94][95][96]	August 2, 1923	March 4, 1929	Republican		vacant[n 3]
						35 (1924)		Charles G. Dawes
31		Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) [97][98][99]	March 4, 1929	March 4, 1933	Republican	36 (1928)		Charles Curtis
32		Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) [100][101][102]	March 4, 1933	April 12, 1945 [n 2]	Democratic	37 (1932) [n 10]		John Nance Garner
						38 (1936)
						39 (1940)		Henry A. Wallace
						40 (1944)		Harry S. Truman
33		Harry S. Truman (1884–1972) [103][104][105]	April 12, 1945	January 20, 1953	Democratic		vacant[n 3]
						41 (1948)		Alben W. Barkley
34		Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969) [106][107][108]	January 20, 1953	January 20, 1961 [n 11]	Republican	42 (1952)		Richard Nixon
						43 (1956)
35		John F. Kennedy (1917–1963) [109][110][111]	January 20, 1961	November 22, 1963 [n 7]	Democratic	44 (1960)		Lyndon B. Johnson
36		Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973) [112][113]	November 22, 1963	January 20, 1969	Democratic		vacant[n 3]
						45 (1964)		Hubert Humphrey
37		Richard Nixon (1913–1994) [114][115][116]	January 20, 1969	August 9, 1974 [n 4]	Republican	46 (1968)		Spiro Agnew[n 4] January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973
						47 (1972)
							vacant[n 3] October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
								Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38		Gerald Ford (1913–2006) [117][118][119]	August 9, 1974	January 20, 1977	Republican		vacant[n 3] August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
								Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39		Jimmy Carter (1924– ) [120][121][122]	January 20, 1977	January 20, 1981	Democratic	48 (1976)		Walter Mondale
40		Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) [123][124][125]	January 20, 1981	January 20, 1989	Republican	49 (1980)		George H. W. Bush
						50 (1984)
41		George H. W. Bush (1924– ) [126][127][128]	January 20, 1989	January 20, 1993	Republican	51 (1988)		Dan Quayle
42		Bill Clinton (1946– ) [129][130][131]	January 20, 1993	January 20, 2001	Democratic	52 (1992)		Al Gore
						53 (1996)
43		George W. Bush (1946– ) [132][133][134]	January 20, 2001	January 20, 2009	Republican	54 (2000)		Dick Cheney
						55 (2004)
44		Barack Obama (1961– ) [135][136][137]	January 20, 2009	Incumbent	Democratic	56 (2008)		Joe Biden

Living former presidents

As of March 2012, there are four living former presidents of the United States. The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (1974–1977), on December 26, 2006.

President	Term of office	Date of birth
Jimmy Carter	1977–1981	October 1, 1924 (age 87)
George H. W. Bush	1989–1993	June 12, 1924 (age 87)
Bill Clinton	1993–2001	August 19, 1946 (age 65)
George W. Bush	2001–2009	July 6, 1946 (age 65)

See also

Founding Fathers of the United States Handedness of Presidents of the United States Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States List of educational institutions named after U.S. presidents List of fictional Presidents of the United States List of Presidents of the United States, sortable by previous experience

List of Vice Presidents of the United States Presidential portrait (United States) Presidential $1 Coin Program US Presidents on US postage stamps United States Metric Board

Notes

1. ^ ^a b A presidency is defined as consecutive time in office served by a single person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Gerald Ford assumed the presidency after the resignation of Richard Nixon, serving out the remainder of what would have been Nixon's second term. The fact that Ford was not voted into office does not affect the numbering, which makes him the 38th president. In addition, under this numbering, Grover Cleveland is counted as having two separate presidencies, having served two non-consecutive terms.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Died in office of natural causes.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no provision for filling a vacancy in the Vice Presidency. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
4. ^ ^a b c Resigned.
5. ^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
6. ^ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
7. ^ ^a b c d Assassinated.
8. ^ ^a b Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
9. ^ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.
10. ^ This term was shortened by 43 days due to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution going into effect, moving inauguration day from March 4 to January 20.
11. ^ Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: President of the United States

• Whitehouse.gov: The Presidents
• The Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies –Grand Valley State University
• POTUS: Presidents of the United States – Internet Public Library

reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States